Regulatory Disharmony in Indonesia’s Natural Resource Management: Pancasila, Development Law, and SDG 16
https://doi.org/10.35706/positum.v11i1.13798
Keywords:
Development Law Theory, Natural Resources, Pancasila, Regulatory Disharmony, State Control RightsAbstract
Regulatory disharmony in Indonesia's natural resource management is not merely a technical legislative problem but a systemic institutional failure that contradicts Pancasila values while simultaneously obstructing the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 16 on peace, justice, and strong institutions. This study examines whether existing sectoral natural resource regulations reflect Pancasila values and the principles of Development Law Theory, and to what extent such disharmony impedes SDG 16 achievement. The methodology employed is normative juridical, using a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Findings reveal that sectoral self-interest (ego sektoral) in the drafting of natural resource legislation has produced overlapping regulations that generate legal uncertainty, weaken indigenous communities' access to justice, and shift the function of State Control Rights (Hak Menguasai Negara) from a public protection instrument toward an investment facilitation mechanism. This condition constitutes a direct antithesis to the Fifth Principle of Pancasila and conflicts with SDG 16 targets 16.3 (equal access to justice), 16.6 (effective, accountable, and transparent institutions), and 16.7 (responsive and participatory decision-making). Integrative legal reconstruction, grounded in Pancasila and aligned with the SDG 16 agenda, is required to restore legal certainty, ecological justice, and legitimacy in national natural resource governance.
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